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Compare Cape Verde (2006) - Mozambique (2007)

Compare Cape Verde (2006) z Mozambique (2007)

 Cape Verde (2006)Mozambique (2007)
 Cape VerdeMozambique
Administrative divisions 17 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Miguel, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.9% (male 80,594/female 79,126)


15-64 years: 55.3% (male 113,450/female 119,423)


65 years and over: 6.7% (male 10,542/female 17,844) (2006 est.)
0-14 years: 44.7% (male 4,692,126/female 4,647,960)


15-64 years: 52.5% (male 5,345,618/female 5,633,511)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 244,886/female 341,484) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry
Airports 7 (2006) 147 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total: 7


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
total: 22


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 5 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 125


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 9


914 to 1,523 m: 36


under 914 m: 79 (2007)
Area total: 4,033 sq km


land: 4,033 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 801,590 sq km


land: 784,090 sq km


water: 17,500 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Rhode Island slightly less than twice the size of California
Background The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cape Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cape Verde continues to exhibit one of Africa's most stable democratic governments. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cape Verde's expatriate population is greater than its domestic one. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents. Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His newly elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, has promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment.
Birth rate 24.87 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 38.54 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues: $328.1 million


expenditures: $393.1 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
revenues: $1.834 billion


expenditures: $1.98 billion (2006 est.)
Capital name: Praia


geographic coordinates: 14 55 N, 23 31 W


time difference: UTC-1 (4 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
name: Maputo


geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E


time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic tropical to subtropical
Coastline 965 km 2,470 km
Constitution new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica) 30 November 1990
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde


conventional short form: Cape Verde


local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde


local short form: Cabo Verde
conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique


conventional short form: Mozambique


local long form: Republica de Mocambique


local short form: Mocambique


former: Portuguese East Africa
Death rate 6.55 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 20.51 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $325 million (2002) $3.527 billion (2006 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Roger D. PIERCE


embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo n6, Praia


mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia


telephone: [238] 2-60-89-00


FAX: [238] 2-61-13-55
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires James DUDLEY


embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo


mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo


telephone: [258] (1) 492797


FAX: [258] (1) 490448
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jose BRITO


chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820


FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207


consulate(s) general: Boston
chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE


chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146


FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $136 million (1999) $1.286 billion (2005)
Economy - overview This island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for 66% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 2004 was only 12%, of which fishing accounted for 1.5%. About 82% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances supplement GDP by more than 20%. Economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Future prospects depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, the encouragement of tourism, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program. At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Inflation was reduced to single digits during the late 1990s although it returned to double digits in 2000-06. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force. A substantial trade imbalance persists although the opening of the Mozal aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project to date, has increased export earnings. In late 2005, and after years of negotiations, the government signed an agreement to gain Portugal's majority share of the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity (HCB) company, a dam that was not transferred to Mozambique at independence because of the ensuing civil war and unpaid debts. More power is needed for additional investment projects in titanium extraction and processing and garment manufacturing that could further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level.
Electricity - consumption 41.06 million kWh (2003) 9.127 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 12 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) 9.588 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 44.15 million kWh (2003) 13.17 billion kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
Environment - current issues soil erosion; deforestation due to demand for wood used as fuel; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1% African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Exchange rates Cape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - 88.67 (2005), 88.808 (2004), 97.703 (2003), 117.168 (2002), 123.228 (2001) meticais per US dollar - 25.4 (2006), 23,061 (2005), 22,581 (2004), 23,782 (2003), 23,678 (2002)


note: in 2006 Mozambique revalued its currency, with 1000 old meticais equal to 1 new meticais
Executive branch chief of state: President Pedro Verona PIRES (since 22 March 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 12 February 2006 (next to be held February 2011); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president


election results: Pedro PIRES reelected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 51.2%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 48.8%
chief of state: President Armando GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005)


head of government: Prime Minister Luisa DIOGO (since 17 February 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held in December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Armando GUEBUZA elected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 63.7%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 31.7%
Exports NA bbl/day NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity
Exports - partners Spain 38.2%, Portugal 33.2%, US 9.2%, Morocco 5.4% (2005) Netherlands 59.7%, South Africa 15.2%, Zimbabwe 3.2% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 12.1%


industry: 21.9%


services: 66% (2004 est.)
agriculture: 22.8%


industry: 29.5%


services: 47.7% (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.5% (2005 est.) 7.9% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates 16 00 N, 24 00 W 18 15 S, 35 00 E
Geography - note strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 2.1%


highest 10%: 39.4% (2002)
Illicit drugs used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports NA bbl/day NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners Portugal 41.5%, Italy 8%, Netherlands 7.3%, Spain 5.5%, France 4.8%, Belgium 4.7%, Brazil 4.3% (2005) South Africa 36.3%, Netherlands 15.6%, Portugal 3.3% (2006)
Independence 5 July 1975 (from Portugal) 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 3.4% (2000)
Industries food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco
Infant mortality rate total: 46.52 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 51.63 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 41.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
total: 109.93 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 112.81 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 106.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.4% (2005 est.) 13.2% (2006 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer) ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land 30 sq km (2003) 1,180 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts


note: although the constitution provides for a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Labor force 120,600 9.4 million (2006 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture: 81%


industry: 6%


services: 13% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 4,571 km


border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Land use arable land: 11.41%


permanent crops: 0.74%


other: 87.85% (2005)
arable land: 5.43%


permanent crops: 0.29%


other: 94.28% (2005)
Languages Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words) Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)
Legal system derived from the legal system of Portugal based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 22 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2011)


election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 52.3%, MPD 44%, UCID 2.7%; seats by party - PAICV 41, MPD 29, ADM 2
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held in December 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 62%, RENAMO 29.7%, other 8.3%; seats by party - FRELIMO 160, RENAMO 90
Life expectancy at birth total population: 70.73 years


male: 67.41 years


female: 74.15 years (2006 est.)
total population: 40.9 years


male: 41.4 years


female: 40.4 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 76.6%


male: 85.8%


female: 69.2% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 47.8%


male: 63.5%


female: 32.7% (2003 est.)
Location Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
Map references Political Map of the World Africa
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 7 ships (1000 GRT or over) 12,300 GRT/7,726 DWT


by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 4


foreign-owned: 2 (Spain 1, UK 1) (2006)
total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 2,964 GRT/5,324 DWT


by type: cargo 2


foreign-owned: 2 (Belgium 2) (2007)
Military branches People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP): Army, Coast Guard (includes maritime air wing) Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha Mocambique, MM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $7.18 million (2005 est.) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (2005 est.) 0.8% (2006)
National holiday Independence Day, 5 July (1975) Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Nationality noun: Cape Verdean(s)


adjective: Cape Verdean
noun: Mozambican(s)


adjective: Mozambican
Natural hazards prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces
Natural resources salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite
Net migration rate -11.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines - gas 918 km; refined products 294 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO, president]; Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Isaias RODRIGUES, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president] Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or RENAMO-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general]
Population 420,979 (July 2006 est.) 20,905,585


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 30% (2000) 70% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 0.64% (2006 est.) 1.803% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 22 (and 12 low power repeaters), shortwave 0 (2002) AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001)
Railways - total: 3,123 km


narrow gauge: 2,983 km 1.067-m gauge; 140 km 0.762-m gauge (2006)
Religions Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene) Catholic 23.8%, Muslim 17.8%, Zionist Christian 17.5%, other 17.8%, none 23.1% (1997 census)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.949 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.717 male(s)/female


total population: 0.968 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: effective system, extensive modernization from 1996-2000 following partial privatization in 1995


domestic: major service provider is Cabo Verde Telecom (CVT); fiber optic ring, completed in 2001, links all islands providing Internet access and ISDN services; cellular service introduced in 1998


international: country code - 238; 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: fair system but not available generally (extremely low density with less than 1 main line per 100 persons)


domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter


international: country code - 258; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 71,400 (2005) 67,000 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 81,700 (2005) 2.339 million (2006)
Television broadcast stations 1 (and 7 repeaters) (2002) 1 (2000)
Terrain steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Total fertility rate 3.38 children born/woman (2006 est.) 5.29 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 21% (2000 est.) 21% (1997 est.)
Waterways - 460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2007)
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